Which schedule of controlled substances may be dispensed without a medical reason?

The correct answer is Schedule V. This category includes substances that have a lower potential for abuse compared to those in higher schedules, making them more accessible for certain uses. Schedule V controlled substances can often be dispensed without a prescription in some states, typically for medications that may be used to treat less severe conditions, such as cough preparations containing small amounts of codeine or medications used for diarrhea.

Schedule I substances are classified as having no accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse, so they cannot be dispensed at all. Schedule II substances, while they can be prescribed for medical reasons, are regulated strictly and require a prescription for dispensing due to their high potential for abuse and dependence. Schedule III substances do require a prescription but are considered to have a moderate potential for abuse compared to Schedule II substances, thereby limiting their dispensing without a medical reason.

In this context, the characteristics of Schedule V allow for more lenient regulations regarding dispensing, emphasizing their lower risk profile in comparison to higher schedules.